PHOTOS

The Institutions

Fergus Falls State Hospital, circa 1928. The building, based on the Kirkbride plan, was the third hospital for the insane in Minnesota. It opened in 1890 and was completed in 1912. The building was more than one-third of a mile long and housed nearly two thousand patients by 1930. Courtesy of the Minnesota Historical Society.

The Institutions

Aerial view of Anoka State Hospital, 1937. The hospital opened in 1900 as an asylum for "hopeless cases." It was built on the cottage plan, a popular alternative to the Kirkbride model. Connected by underground tunnels, cottages were considered more homelike, and patients were grouped by behavior or condition. The term asylum was dropped in favor of hospital in 1937, though conditions did not change as a result. Photograph by Leo A. Moore, Sf. Paul Daily News. Courtesy of the Minnesota Historical Society.